Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien was born on September 23rd, 1914 at Istana Kota, Kampong Sultan Lama, Brunei Town. He was the seventh child of Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II and Raja Isteri Fatimah and the second surviving son of the couple with his elderly brother who would later become Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin.
Pengiran Muda Omar Ali Saifuddien studied at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar in Perak, Malaya from 1932 to 1936. After finishing education in Malaya, His Highness then came back to Brunei in 1936 to work in the Foresrty Department, Kuala Belait as a Cadet Officer. In 1938, he was transferred to the Judiciary Department also in Kuala Belait in 1937.
He was conferred with the title Pengiran Bendahara Seri Maharaja Permaisuara by his brother, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin on 15 July 1947. He was subsequently appointed as a member of Brunei State Council and Chairman of the Syariah Court.
On the death of his brother, leaving no male heirs on 4 June 1950, he was proclaimed as the next Sultan on the 6th June 1950.
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